Fig. 6

AD-sEV exerted cancer cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis. a B16F10, CT26, and 4T1 were incubated with different concentrations of AD-sEV for 72 and 96 h. Normal mouse fibroblasts, 3T3 cells, served as a negative cell control to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AD-sEV on non-cancerous cells. The extent of cell cytotoxicity was then assessed by MTT assay. b To evaluate apoptosis promoting effect of AD-sEV, B16F10 and CT26 were treated with AD-sEV (2.5 and 5 μg/mL) for 72 h. Apoptotic cell death of treated cells was detected by dual staining with Annexin V-FITC and PI followed by flow cytometric analysis. The percentage of the viable cells early apoptotic cells, late apoptosis, and necrotic cells were the determined and compared. Error bars denote mean ± SD. Asterisks (*) indicate statistically significant differences (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). AD-sEV: AEC-derived extracellular vesicles