Fig. 5

Interferon γ-mediated autophagy contributes to the production of ADMA. 4T1 breast cancer cells were treated with low dose (0.2 ng/mL) or high dose (200 ng/mL) IFN-γ for 3 days. Induction of autophagy was measured using Premo LC3B-RFP viral transduction. The high dose of IFN-γ induced autophagy of 4T1 cells (A). The same dose of IFN-γ also led to increased secretion of ADMA into the conditioned medium in mouse breast cancer 4T1 cells (B) and IFN-γ induced ADMA secretion was blocked in 4T1 cells when 250 nM autophagy inhibitor was added to the culture (B). The effect of IFN-γ on the EMT 6 (C) or mouse normal mammary epithelial cell line, HC11, was not significant and unaffected by the autophagy inhibitor (D). ADMA concentration was expressed as ng/mL (left Y axis) or µM (right Y axis). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001), N = 5