Table 1 Various biomarkers with diagnostic implications in different cancers

miR-21

miR24

Let-7b

Let-7e

Non-small cell

lung cancer

Surface plasmon resonance

[43, 44]

miR-17-sp

miR-130a-3p

miR-340-5p

miR-93-5p

Breast cancer

Surface plasmon resonance

[45, 46]

miR-10b

Pancreatic cancer

Surface plasmon resonance

[47,48,49]

miR-let-7a

Hepatocellular cancer

Human cancer cells

Electrochemical biosensors

[50,51,52]

miR-let-7a

Multiple cancer type

Photoelectrochemical sensor

[52, 53]

miR1229

Colorectal cancer

Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis

[54,55,56]

miR-1246

Multiple cancer types

Enzyme-free quantum dot electrochemical biosensor

[57]

miR-150

Colorectal cancer

Gastric cancer

Acute myeloid leukemia

Lung cancer

Graphene/carbon quantum dot base

Nano-bio sensors

Electrochemical Biosensors

[58, 59]

[59]

[16, 44, 60]

miR-21

Lung cancer

Fluorescence light- up biosensors

Microfluidic paper base visual/electrochemical biosensor

[19, 61]

miR-223

Ovarian cancer

DNA hydrogel-based electrochemical biosensors

MiRNA based biosensors

[62, 63]

miR-23a

Pancreatic cancer

Photo-electrochemical biosensors

[62]