Table 1 Summary of data supporting the contribution of different cell types to the origin of liver cancer

HCC

Hepatocyte

Sox9-Cre^ERT; R26R^YFP; MUPuPA/HFD; STZ/HFD

DEN; GEMM;

lineage tracing

[35]

Opn-Cre^ERT2; K19-Cre^ERT2;

R26R^YFP; AAV8-Tbg-Cre;

Rosa26^{loxP-mTom-stop-loxP–mGFP}

Rosa26^{loxP-stop-loxP–ZsGreen1}

Mdr2^KO; Pten^flx/flx

DEN/CCl₂; CDE or DDC diet; GEMM;

lineage tracing

[38]

hURI-tetOFF^hep; (SA)Cre^ERT2

R26R^YFP; AAV8-Tbg-Cre;

Rosa26^{loxP-mTom-stop-loxP–mGFP}

Sox9-Cre^ERT; K19-Cre^ERT2 R26R^ZsGreen

DEN/CCl₂; GEMM;

lineage tracing

[41]

Hnf1b-Cre^ER; R26R^Tom; Mdr2^KO

DEN; GEMM;

lineage tracing

[44]

AAV8-Tbg-Cre; Foxl1-Cre; R26R^YFP

DEN/CCl₂; TCPOBOP GEMM;

lineage tracing

[45]

HCC; iCCA

CMV-SB; TREt-Yap-IRES-GFP;

EF1a-miR-30; EF1a-rtTA3-shp53; Cre-ER; trp53^flx/flx;

EF1a-rtTA3-shAPC;

EF1a-NICD-IRES-mCherry

DEN; GEMM; HTVI;

lineage tracing

[51]

iCCA

CMV-SB; EF1a-HAmyrAKT1;

EF1a-MycNICD; AAV8-Tbg-Cre; R26R^YFP

GEMM; HTVI; lineage tracing

[53]

Alb-Cre^ERT2; K19-Cre^ERT2; R26R^Notch; R26R^YFP; R26R^YFP; Hes ^flx/flx

TAA; GEMM; lineage tracing

[60]

HCC; iCCA

CMV-SB; pT3-EF1a-HAmyrAKT;

pT3-EF1a-Yap^S127A;

pT3-EF1α-dnRBPJ; AAV8-Tbg-Cre; R26R^YFP; Notch1 ^flx/flx;

Notch2 ^flx/flx;

HTVI; GEMM; lineage tracing

[61]

iCCA

Cholangiocyte

CK19-Cre^ERT2; R26R^YFP; trp53^flx/flx

TAA; GEMM; lineage tracing

[67]

HCC; iCCA

Cholangiocyte

or hepatocyte

Alb-Cre^ERT2; Alb-Cre;

CK19-Cre^ERT2;

Pten^flx/+; Pten^flx/flx;

LSL-Kras^G12D;

Rosa26^{loxP-mTom-stop-loxP–mGFP}

GEMM; lineage tracing

[68]

HCC; iCCA

Hepatic Progenitor Cell

Wild type C57BL/6; pGCDNsam-Bmi1-IRES-EGFP; pGCDNsam-β-catenin-IRES-EGFP; CSH1-shBmi1-EF-1α-EGFP

Isolation and in vitro transduction of H-CFU-Cs; subcutaneous and intra-splenic cell transplantations

[73]

Alb-Cre; Sav^flx/flx; Mst1^flx/flx; Mst2^flx/flx

GEMM

[78]

Hepatoma

Alb-Cre; WW45^flx/flx;

GEMM

[79]

HCC

Alb-Cre; Mst1^–/–; Mst2^flx/flx

GEMM

[80]

HCC; iCCA

Sox2-Cre; CAGG-Cre^ER; Mst1^Δ/Δ; Mst2^flx/Δ

GEMM

[81]

Alb-Cre; Mx1-Cre; Ad-Cre; Nf2^flx/flx; B6;129Gt[ROSA]26Sor^tm1Sho/J;

GEMM; lineage tracing; partial hepatectomy; cell transplantation

[82]

iCCA

or

HCC

Alb-Cre; R26^{lox-stop-lox-NICD-ires-nls-EGFP}

Retro-c-Myc/Akt

GEMM; cell transplantation

[85]

Alb-Cre; LSL-Kras^G12D; Hnf4α^flx/flx;

LSL-IDH2^R172K;

GEMM; DEN

[87]

Hepatic Progenitor Cell; hepatoblast; or hepatocyte

NOD/SCID;

Hras Luciferase/EGFP;

SV40LT-mCherry; sh-c-Myc

Cell transplantation; lentiviral transduction

[91]

HCC; iCCA

Hepatocyte

Alb-Cre; p19Arf^−/−;

Rosa26^{loxP-mTom-stop-loxP–mGFP};

Mlkl^flx/flx; TLR2^−/−; TLR3^−/−; TLR4^−/−; TLR7^−/−; TLR9^−/−;

CMV-SB;

pCaMIA- c-Myc-IRES-myrAKT1; pCaMIA-c-Myc-IRES-Nras^G12V;

pCaggs-Tbx3; pCaggs-Prdm5

HTVI; GEMM;

[63]

HCC

Hepatocyte/ Hepatic Progenitor Cell

Alb-Cre; Atg5^flx/flx; Atg7^flx/flx;

Pten ^flx/+;

Rosa26^{loxP-mTom-stop-loxP–mGFP};

GEMM

[92]