Fig. 4

Effect of NV-5440 on glucose transport, glycolysis, and GEM sensitivity in PCCs. A Dose-dependent inhibition of glucose transport in PCCs by NV-5440. B Impact of NV-5440 (10 µM) on extracellular lactate release by PCCs. Assessment of C glucose transport at 4 h and D lactate release at 48 h following 2 h treatment with NV-5440 in PCCs pre-incubated with indicated PSC-CM or SFM, for 72 h. E Cytotoxicity assessment in PCCs pre-incubated with PSC-CM or SFM, and treated with GEM, NV-5440, or GEM + NV-5440. Data presented as mean ± SEM of four replicates. For B-D, **p < 0.01 comparing control and NV-5440 treated PCCs. For E, **p < 0.01 comparing basal with GEM or GEM + NV-5440. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 comparing GEM with GEM + NV-5440 in both SFM and PSC-CM. PCC pancreatic cancer cell, PSC-CM pancreatic stellate cell-conditioned medium, SFM serum-free DMEM