Skip to main content
Fig. 4 | Cancer Cell International

Fig. 4

From: An emerging master inducer and regulator for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis: extracellular and intracellular ATP and its molecular functions and therapeutic potential

Fig. 4

The strategies for targeting ATP-involved metastasis. These strategies include targeting extracellular ATP in the TME and blocking macropinocytosis or P2 receptors. Delivery of the inhibitors of ATP synthesis or nucleotide degrading enzymes (for example, apyrase) in tumor tissues via pH-sensitive or ATP-sensitive NPs provides a potential strategy to reduce ATP levels in the TME. Moreover, blockade of ATP-release via the PANX1 channel has been proposed to minimize metastasizing carcinomas and inhibit metastasis. In addition, targeting macropinocytosis or purinergic receptors by various small molecules or biologics are considered to be effective strategies to suppress tumor growth and metastasis

Back to article page

Cancer Cell International

ISSN: 1475-2867

Contact us