Table 1 Small molecule inhibitors and biologics used to target extracellular ATP
Inhibitor | Target (s) | Mechanism of action | Development stage | Indications | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apyrase (e.g., CD39) | Extracellular ATP | Degrade extracellular ATP to adenosine | Preclinical | Not available (N/A) | [94] |
Carbenoxolone | Non-selective PANX1 inhibitor | Inhibit ATP secretion | In the clinic | Peptic, esophageal and oral ulceration and inflammation | [82] |
Probenecid | Non-selective PANX1 inhibitor | Inhibit ATP secretion | In the clinic | Chronic gout and gouty arthritis | [82] |