Table 1 Role of lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis in promoting ccRCC progression

PVT1

miR-328-3p,

miR-145-5p,

miR-16-5p,

miR-200s

FAM193B,

TBX15,

BMI1,

ZEB1,

ZEB2

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, EMT^a

Tissues: 210 NT^b

Cells: 769-P, UMRC6, RCCJF, A498, ACHN, 786-O, OS-RC-2, Caki-1, HEK-293T, HK-2

[27, 30, 31, 43]

HILAR

miR-613,

miR-206,

miR-1-1-3p

Jagged1,

CXCR4

Proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT

Cells: ACHN, Caki-1, SN12-PM6

[44]

TUG1

miR-299-3p,

miR-9,

miR-31-5p,

miR-196a

VEGFR,

YAP,

FLOT1,

AKT,

ERK,

JNK

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, EMT

Tissues: 99 NT

Cells: ACHN, OS-RC-2, 786-O, 769-P, A498, A704, HEK-293, HK-2

[45,46,47,48]

ITGB2-AS1

miR-328-5p

HMGA1

Proliferation, apoptosis

Tissues: 33 NT

Cells: OS-RC-2, SW839, A498, SN12-PM6, Caki-1, HK-2

[49]

LUCAT1

miR-495-3p,

miR-375

SATB1,

YAP1

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 126 NT

Cells: 786-O, Caki-1, A498, 769-P, ACHN, HK-2

[50, 51]

MEG8

miR-495-3p

G3BP1

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 62 NT

Cells: A498, Caki-1,786-O, 769-P, ACHN

[52]

RP11-436H11.5

miR-335-5p

BCL-W

Proliferation, invasion

Tissues: 20 NT

Cells: A498, 786-O, OS-RC-2

[53]

PCED1B-AS1

miR-484

ZEB1

Proliferation, migration, EMT

Tissues: 40 NT

Cells: 786-O, A498, ACHN, Caki-1, HK-2

[54]

CRNDE

miR-136-5p

N-Cadherin,

Vimentin

Proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT

Tissues: 45 NT

Cells: A498, ACHN

[55]

DARS-AS1

miR-194-5p

DARS

Proliferation, apoptosis

Tissues: 70 NT

Cells: ClearCa-1, HH332, Caki-1, KMRC-2, KN-41, HK-2

[39]

LINC01094

miR-224-5p,

miR-184

CHSY1,

SLC2A3

Proliferation, migration, EMT

Tissues: 56 NT

Cells: ACHN, 769-P, Caki-1, 786-O, HK-2

[56, 57]

LINC02747

miR-608

TFE3

Proliferation

Tissues: 70 NT

Cells: 786-O, ACHN, Caki-1, Caki-2

[58]

LINC00973

miR-7109-3p

Siglec-15

Immune escape

Tissues: 100 NT

Cells: 786-O, 769-P, A704, A498, ACNH, Caki-1, Caki-2, RCC4, HK-2

[59]

LINC01426

miR-423-5p

FOXM1

Proliferation, migration

Cells: A498, ACHN, Caki-1, 786-O, HEK-293T, HK-2

[60]

LINC00511

miR-625

CCND1

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle

Tissues: 49 NT

Cells: A498, 786-O, ACHN, Caki-2, HK-2

[41]

HOXA11‐AS

miR-146b-5p

MMP16

Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, EMT

Tissues: 52 NT

Cells: ACHN, 786-O, A498, OS-RC-2, HK-2

[61]

CDKN2B-AS1

miR-141

Cyclin D1,

Cyclin D2

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis

Cells: RPTEC, ACHN, Caki-1

[62]

DNAJC3-AS1

miR-27a-3p

PRDM14

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis

Tissues: 30 NT

Cells: 769-P, ACHN, Caki-1, 786-O, HK-2

[63]

FGD5-AS1

miR-5590-3p

ERK/AKT

Proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT

Tissues: 28 NT

Cells: 786-O, ACHN, SN12-PM6, HK-2

[64]

HCG18

miR-152-3p

RAB14

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 32 NT

Cells: Caki-1, 786-O, 769-P, ACHN, HK-2

[65]

SNHG12

miR-200c-5p,

miR-30a-3p,

miR-129-5p

COL11A1, RUNX2,

WNT2,

IGF-1R,

MDM4

Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle

Tissues: 148 NT

Cells: OS-RC-2, 786-O, Caki-1, Caki-2, A498, ACHN, 769-P, HK-2

[66,67,68]

SNHG5

miR-205-5p,

miR-363-3p

ZEB1,

Twist

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, EMT

Tissues: 20 NT

Cells: ACHN, 786-O, A498, SN12-PM6, SW13, Caki-1, HK-2

[69, 70]

PCAT1

miR-656,

miR-539

YAP

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 85 NT

Cells: 786-O, Caki-2, 769-P, OS-RC-2, ACHN, HK-2

[71]

H19

miR-29a-3p

E2F1

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 30 NT

Cell: 786-O

[72]

NNT-AS1

miR-137

Y-box

Proliferation, migration and invasion

Tissues: 40 NT

Cells: 786-O, OS-RC-2, A498, Caki-1, HEK-293T

[73]

HCP5

miR-214-3p,

miR-140-5p

MAPK1,

IGF1R

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle

Tissues: 142 NT

Cells: 786-O, Caki-1, Caki-2, ACHN, A498, 769-P, OS-RC-2, HEK-293T, HK-2

[74, 75]

MIR4435-2HG

miR-513a-5p

KLF6

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 40 NT

Cells: 786-O, 769-P, Caki-1, Caki-2, ACHN, A498, HK-2, HEK-293T

[76]

PCGEM1

miR-433-3p

FGF2

Proliferation, migration, apoptosis

Tissues: 47 NT

Cells: OS-RC-2, ACHN, A498, 786-O

[77]

MALAT1

miR-200s,

miR-194-5p,

miR‐203,

miR-205,

miR-429,

miR-182-5p,

miR-1271-5p

ZEB2,

ACVR2B, BIRC5,

KIAA1324

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle

Tissues: 531 NT

Cells: 786-O, ACHN, SN12-PM6, OS-RC-2, Caki-2, Caki-1, A498, HK-2

[10, 36, 78,79,80,81,82]

RCAT1

miR-214-5p

E2F2

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 52 NT

Cells: ACHN, 786-O, 769-P, Caki-1, A498, HK-2

[83]

MSC‐AS1

miR-3924

WNT5A

Proliferation, migration

Tissues: 27NT

Cells: 786-O, 769-P, A498, Caki-1, HK-2

[84]

ROR

miR-206

VEGF

Proliferation, migration and invasion

Tissues: 36 NT

Cells: Caki-1, Caki-2, HK-2

[85]

ZFAS1

miR-10a

SKA1

Proliferation, migration and invasion

Tissues: 20 NT

Cells: 786-O, Caki-1, ACHN, HEK-293T, HK-2

[86]

SNHG3

miR-139-5p,

miR-10b-5p

TOP2A; BIRC5

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 70 NT

Cells: A498, ACHN, Caki-1, 786-O, HK-2

[87, 88]

SNHG17

miR-328-3p

H2AX

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle

Tissues: 84 NT

Cells: 786-O, ACHN, Caki-1, 769-P, HK-2

[89]

UCA1

miR-495,

miR-182-5p

EZH2,

DLL4

Proliferation, migration, cell cycle

Tissues: 130 NT

Cells: 786-O, ACHN, Caki-1, Caki-2, HEK-293T, HK-2

[90, 91]

LOXL1-AS1

miR-589-5p

CBX5

Proliferation, migration

Tissues: 60 NT

Cells: 786-O, A498, 769-P, HEK-293

[92]

HIF1A-AS2

miR-130a-5p

ERBB2

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle

Tissues: 42 NT

Cells: ACHN, OSRC-2, 786-O, Caki-1, HK-2

[93]

HOTTIP

miR-615-3p

IGF-2

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle

Tissues: 57 NT

Cells: A498, 786-O, Caki-1, Caki-2, ACHN, HK-2, HEK-293T

[94]

LINC00641

miR-340-5p

c-Myc, CyclinD1, MMP-2

Proliferation and invasion

Tissues: 48 NT

Cells: GRC-1, 786-O, SN12-PM6, A498, ACHN, HK-2

[95]

SNHG1

miR-129-3p,

miR-137

miR-103a

STAT3,

PD-L1

HMGA2

Proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, EMT

Tissues: 60 NT

Cells: ACHN, A498, 786-O, Caki-1, HK-2

[96,97,98]

LINC01133

miR-30b-5p

Rab-3D

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 34 NT

Cells: ACHN, A498, 786-O, SN12-PM6, HK-2

[99]

HOTAIR

miR-217,

miR-138,

miR-200c,

miR-204,

miR-124,

miR-203,

miR-141

HIF-1α,

AXL,

EZH2,

VIM,

ZEB1,

ADAM9, CCND2, VEGFA,

ZEB2,

ST8SIA4;

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, EMT

Tissues: 54 NT

Cells: ACHN, 786-O, 769-P, A498, Caki-1, HK-2

[100,101,102,103,104]

SBF2-AS1

miR-338-3p

ETS1

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy

Tissues: 46 NT

Cells: Caki-1, UT14, UT16, UT33a, 768-O, HK-2

[105]

MIAT

miR-29c

LOXL2

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 45 NT

Cells: Caki-1, ACHN, 786-O, HK-2

[106]

ARAP1-AS1

miR-361-3p

PGF

Proliferation, migration, apoptosis

Tissues: 16 NT

Cells: HK-2, Caki-1, A498

[107]

MIR155HG

miR-155-5p,

miR-155-3p

MMP2, MMP9

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Cells: HKC-5, LoMet-ccRCC, 786-O, A498, Caki-1, HK-2

[108]

DUXAP8

miR-126

CED-9

Proliferation, invasion

Cells: A498, 786-O

[109]

SNHG16

miR-1303-p

STARD9

Proliferation, apoptosis

Tissues: 45 NT

Cells: A498, 786-O, Caki-1, OSRC-2, HK-2

[110]

DLX6-AS1

miR-26a

PTEN

Proliferation, apoptosis

Tissues: 52 NT

Cells: A498, ACHN, Caki-1, Caki-2, 786-O, G401, HK-2

[111]

EMBP1

miR-9-5p

KLF4, NANOG, CCNE2

Proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT

Tissues: 65 NT

Cells: ACHN, Caki-1, HK-2

[112]

LINC02738

miR-20b

SOX4

Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis

Tissues: 50 NT

Cells: ACHN, 786-O, OS-RC-2, Caki-2, HK-2

[113]

GAPLINC

miR-135b-5p

CSF1

Proliferation, migration

Cells: A498, OSRC-2, ACHN, 786-O, Caki-1, HK-2

[114]

SNHG4

miR-204-5p

RUNX2

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis

Tissues: 99 NT

Cells: Caki-1, Caki-2, ACHN, 786-O, 769-P, HK-2

[115]

TTN-AS1

miR-195

Cyclin D1

Proliferation, cell cycle

Tissues: 145 NT

Cells: ACHN, 786-O, SN12-PM6, HK-2

[116]

ZFPM2-AS1

miR-130a-3p

ESCO2

Proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis

Tissues: 60 NT

Cells: 786-O, KETR3, G401, HK-2

[117]

SLC16A1-AS1

miR-143-3p

SLC7A11

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Cells: 786-O, A498, Caki-1, HK-2

[118]

DLEU2

miR-30a-5p

ZEB2

Proliferation, invasion

Tissues: 40 NT

Cells: ACHN, Caki-1, 769-P, 786-O, HK-2

[33]

LINC01232

miR-204-5p

RAB22A

Proliferation, migration, invasion

Tissues: 122 NT

Cells: Caki-1, A498, KN-41, 786-O, ClearCa-1, HK-2

[119]

GIHCG

miR-499a-5p

XIAP

Proliferation, migration, apoptosis, cell cycle

Cells: HK-2, Caki-1, 786-O, A498, SN12C-PM6

[40]

CYTOR

miR-136-5p

MAT2B

Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis

Cells: 786-O, Caki-1

[120]

CASC19

miR-532

ETS1

Proliferation, migration, apoptosis

Tissues: 51 NT

Cells: Caki-1, A498,786-O

[121]

FTX

miR-4429

UBE2C

Proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle

Tissues: 51 NT

Cells: A498, A704, SN12C, 769-P

[42]