Fig. 5

Secondary classification and screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A Volcano plot depicting the DEGs between two groups of CD8⁺ T cell molecular subtypes (C2vs.C1). B Random forest analysis identified 370 significantly upregulated DEGs in the C2 subtype. The green line represents the error in the experimental group (C2 subtype), the red line was the error in the control group (C1 subtype), and the error of all samples was represented in black. C Following random forest screening, a total of 43 DEGs were identified between the C1 and C2 subtypes. D Venn diagram illustrating the intersection of the 43 characteristic genes with WGCNA’s magenta module genes and protein coding gene sets, resulting in a total of 38 overlapping genes. E Forest plot presenting the result of univariate Cox regression analysis for genes associated with the prognosis of UCEC, revealing 37 protective genes