Fig. 9

FFA1 agonism increased tumor growth in vivo. An ACHN cell-derived pRCC tumor xenograft model was established in athymic nude mice treated daily with intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, AS2034178 (10 mg/kg), GW1100, or a combination of AS2034178 + GW1100. Six male mice were used in each cohort and tumors were measured every 3 days for 28 days. Representative images of harvested tumors after 28 days of treatment are displayed (A). A, B Treatment with AS2034178 led to a significant increase in tumor size compared to the vehicle-control group. A statistically significant increase in tumor volume in AS2034178-treated mice was observed from day 16 onward. Mice treated with GW1100 alone showed a statistically significant reduction in tumor size versus vehicle-treated animals at day 16. The combination of AS2034178 and GW1100 caused a significant decrease in the AS2034178-induced tumor size, with statistical significance reached from day 16 onward. C After 28 days, tumors were excised and weighed, with AS2034178 treated animals demonstrating a significantly increased tumor mass versus vehicle-treated animals, while GW1100 treatment alone decreased tumor mass versus control. AS2034178-induced tumors exhibited significantly reduced tumor mass in the presence of GW1100. D To ensure that tumor reduction was not due to metabolic effects of treatment or tumor-induction, body weight was measured over the treatment period and showed no significant difference. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA. * denotes p < 0.05 and ** denotes p < 0.01 versus the vehicle-control condition, while # denotes p < 0.05, ## denotes p < 0.01, and #### denotes p < 0.0001 versus the AS2034178-treated condition