Table 2 Plant extracts and paclitaxel Co-administration results
From: Synergistic effects of flavonoids and paclitaxel in cancer treatment: a systematic review
Others | Plant name | Study design | Flavonoid content | Plant dosage | Paclitaxel dosage | Duration of study | Mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Camellia sinensis: 2 fractions of (FLG: flavonol glycoside, FLA: flavonol aglycone) | In vitro: DLD-1 and E0771 cells | FLG: 132.76 mg catechin equivalents/g dry weight FLA: 174.67 mg catechin equivalents/g dry weight | 10 and 100 µg/mL of FLG and FLA | 10 nM | 24 h | Synergistic anti-cancer effects in the treatment with FLG and FLA combined with paclitaxel Inhibited synergistically growth of cells | [152] |
2 | Kaempferia parviflora (ethanol extract) | In vitro: HL 60 cells | - | 40 µg/mL | 10–50 µM | 24, 48 and 72 h | Inhibited cell growth and reduced cell viability Apoptotic cell death and loss in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activation of caspase 3. Improved apoptosis through synergistic effect | [153] |
3 | Morus alba (water extract) | In vitro: TSGH 8301 In vivo: Four-week-old BALB/c male nude mice | - | In vitro: 0–1500 µg/ml In vivo: 4 mg/kg/ day for 10 weeks | In vitro: 3 nM In vitro: 147 nM, once a week for 9 weeks | In vitro:24 and 48 h In vitro: 10 week | Bladder carcinoma cell death by the cell cycle arresting at the mitotic phase. Induced mitotic catastrophe and impaired the early endosome generation Induced the PTEN activation and expression and also inhibited early endosome formation Retarded tumor growth in a human bladder carcinoma model | [154] |
4 | Orysa sativa ,Doisaket, Nan, and Payao cultivars (methanol and dichloromethane extract) | In vitro: HepG2, LNCaP, NIH3T3 | Anthocyanin content of methanol extract of Payao cultivar: 5.80 mg/g | In vitro: 0-200 µg/ml, The IC20 value of methanol extract of methanolic Payao extract on HepG2: 175.95 µg/ml | In vitro: The IC20 value of paclitaxel for 24 and 48 h were 0.105 and 7.8 µM for HepG2 | In vitro:24 and 48 h | Induced cytotoxicity is not synergistic or antagonistic, but additive | [156] |
5 | Polygonum minus (methanol extract) | In vivo: male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 180 ± 20 g) | - | In vivo: 200 and 400 mg/kg; orally | In vivo: 2 mg/kg/10 days; IP | In vivo: 10 days | Administration of the P. minus methanolic extract attenuated paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensation in a dose-dependent manner in pinprick test. Administration of the P. minus methanolic extract reduced paclitaxel-induced thermal hyper-sensation in a dose-dependent manner in tail-flick test and plantar test | [157] |
6 | Ethanol extracts of Sophora flavescens Aiton roots (KS-Fs | In vitro: H460, Caco-2 and Eca-109 cells In vivo: H460 and Eca-109 xenografted tumor models (female, 4–6 weeks old, 20–22 g) | kurarinone (29%), 2′-methoxy-kurarinone (5%), sophoraflavanone G (2%) and other minor flavonoids species | In vitro: 20 µg/mL In vivo: Flavonoid fraction: 200 mg/kg/day and kurarinone (100 mg/kg/day) | In vitro: 10 ng/mL In vivo: 5 and 10 mg/kg/day. | In vitro: 48 h In vivo: 21 days | Flavonoid fraction and kurarinone were able to improve the taxol effects on tumor cell line proliferation in vitro/in vivo | [158] |