Table 6 Several types of metal-based anticancer agents as inducer of ICD

Oxaliplatin

I/II

NCT04068610

CT26 were treated with OXP were exposed to pre-apoptotic CRT. The HMGB1 release was observed in cells treated with OXP. Findings indicate that OXP can promote immunogenic lung cancer cell death on LLC cells. OXP induces ICD in glioma cells. OXP exposure led to eIF-2a phosphorylation.

[191, 192]

Ruthenium complexes

NG^*

NCT04577742

KP1339 could trigger ICD markers in vitro like CRT, ATP, and HMGB1

In colon cancer cell lines, plecstatin-1 was also a Ru (II) arene complex with ICD induction properties by ↑ HSP70/90

[193, 194]

copper (I/II) complexes

I

NCT02963051

↑ ROS levels resulting in ER stress

[195]

Iridium (III) complexes

III

NCT00548600

Bis(2-chloroethyl)-azane moiety in an Ir (III) complex could induce ICD in non-small cell lung cancer

[196]

gold (I) complexes

NG^*

NCT04907422

The compound Arambula et al. reported is redox-active and induces ICD

[197]