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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients accepted ICI therapy

From: Prediction model for hyperprogressive disease in patients with advanced solid tumors received immune-checkpoint inhibitors: a pan-cancer study

Characteristic

Non-HPD

HPD

p value

Method

N

831

36

  

Gender, N (%)

  

0.032

Chisq.test

 Female

222 (26.71%)

16 (1.93%)

  

 Male

609 (73.29%)

20 (2.41%)

  

Pathology Type, N (%)

  

0.008

Chisq.test

 Adenocarcinoma

411 (49.46%)

18 (2.17%)

  

 Sarcoma

10 (1.2%)

3 (0.36%)

  

 Small Cell Carcinoma

145 (17.45%)

4 (0.48%)

  

 Squamous

188 (22.62%)

6 (0.72%)

  

 Others

77 (9.27%)

5 (0.6%)

  

Differentiation, N (%)

  

0.349

Chisq.test

 Low Differentiation

442 (53.19%)

14 (1.68%)

  

 Low To Median Differentiation

78 (9.39%)

5 (0.6%)

  

 Median Differentiation

131 (15.76%)

7 (0.84%)

  

 Median To High Differentiation

14 (1.68%)

2 (0.24%)

  

 High Differentiation

6 (0.72%)

0 (0)

  

 Unknown

160 (19.25%)

8 (0.96%)

  

Ki-67, N (%)

  

0.989

Chisq.test

 0–25%

51 (6.14%)

2 (0.24%)

  

 26–50%

71 (8.54%)

4 (0.48%)

  

 51–75%

91 (10.95%)

4 (0.48%)

  

 76–100%

93 (11.19%)

4 (0.48%)

  

 Unknown

525 (63.18%)

22 (2.65%)

  

TNM Stage, N (%)

  

0.264

Chisq.test

 III

76 (9.15%)

0 (0)

  

 IV

725 (87.24%)

36 (4.33%)

  

 Unknown

22 (2.65%)

0 (0)

  

Smoking, N (%)

  

0.589

Fisher.test

 Current

146 (17.57%)

8 (0.96%)

  

 Ever

288 (34.66%)

10 (1.2%)

  

 Never

381 (45.85%)

17 (2.05%)

  

 Unknown

16 (1.93%)

1 (0.12%)

  

Drinking, N (%)

  

0.702

Fisher.test

 Current

202 (24.31%)

10 (1.2%)

  

 Ever

155 (18.65%)

5 (0.6%)

  

 Never

459 (55.23%)

20 (2.41%)

  

 Unknown

15 (1.81%)

1 (0.12%)

  

Family History of Tumor, N (%)

  

0.525

Chisq.test

 Yes

226 (27.2%)

8 (0.96%)

  

 No

456 (54.87%)

19 (2.29%)

  

 Unknown

149 (17.93%)

9 (1.08%)

  

KPS score, N (%)

  

0.256

Chisq.test

 10–20 point

30 (3.61%)

2 (0.24%)

  

 30–40 point

5 (0.6%)

0 (0)

  

 70–80 point

125 (15.04%)

10 (1.2%)

  

 90–100 point

661 (79.54%)

24 (2.89%)

  

 Unknown

10 (1.2%)

0 (0)

  

Combined Chemotherapy, N (%)

  

0.001

Chisq.test

 No

343 (41.28%)

25 (3.01%)

  

 Yes

488 (58.72%)

11 (1.32%)

  

Combined Antiangio, N (%)

  

0.005

Chisq.test

 No

594 (71.48%)

34 (4.09%)

  

 Yes

237 (28.52%)

2 (0.24%)

  

Combined Target Therapy,N (%)

  

1.000

Fisher.test

 No

794 (95.55%)

35 (4.21%)

  

 Yes

37 (4.45%)

1 (0.12%)

  

Combined Radiotherapy, N (%)

  

0.421

Fisher.test

 No

790 (95.07%)

33 (3.97%)

  

 Yes

41 (4.93%)

3 (0.36%)

  

Combined Other Therapy, N (%)

  

 < 0.001

Chisq.test

 No

241 (29%)

22 (2.65%)

  

 Yes

590 (71%)

14 (1.68%)

  

Count of Metastasis Lesion, N (%)

  

0.386

Chisq.test

 0

62 (7.46%)

1 (0.12%)

  

 1

77 (9.27%)

4 (0.48%)

  

 2

71 (8.54%)

2 (0.24%)

  

 3

72 (8.66%)

1 (0.12%)

  

 4

57 (6.86%)

1 (0.12%)

  

 More than 4

492 (59.21%)

27 (3.25%)

  

Lung Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.645

Chisq.test

 No

371 (44.65%)

18 (2.17%)

  

 Yes

460 (55.35%)

18 (2.17%)

  

Brain Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.061

Chisq.test

 No

701 (84.36%)

35 (4.21%)

  

 Yes

130 (15.64%)

1 (0.12%)

  

Bone Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.959

Chisq.test

 No

608 (73.16%)

27 (3.25%)

  

 Yes

223 (26.84%)

9 (1.08%)

  

Adrenal Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.096

Fisher.test

 No

745 (89.65%)

29 (3.49%)

  

 Yes

86 (10.35%)

7 (0.84%)

  

Subcutaneous Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.098

Fisher.test

 No

820 (98.68%)

34 (4.09%)

  

 Yes

11 (1.32%)

2 (0.24%)

  

Muscle Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.473

Fisher.test

 No

817 (98.32%)

35 (4.21%)

  

 Yes

14 (1.68%)

1 (0.12%)

  

Meningeal Metastasis, N (%)

  

1.000

Fisher.test

 No

830 (99.88%)

36 (4.33%)

  

 Yes

1 (0.12%)

0 (0)

  

Pericardial Metastasis, N (%)

  

1.000

Fisher.test

 No

811 (97.59%)

36 (4.33%)

  

 Yes

20 (2.41%)

0 (0)

  

Intraabdominal Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.111

Fisher.test

 No

729 (87.73%)

35 (4.21%)

  

 Yes

102 (12.27%)

1 (0.12%)

  

Pancreatic Metastasis, N (%)

  

 < 0.001

Fisher.test

 No

813 (97.83%)

29 (3.49%)

  

 Yes

18 (2.17%)

7 (0.84%)

  

Liver Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.128

Chisq.test

 No

615 (74.01%)

22 (2.65%)

  

 Yes

216 (25.99%)

14 (1.68%)

  

Non-draining Areas Metastasis, N (%)

  

 < 0.001

Fisher.test

 No

747 (89.89%)

22 (2.65%)

  

 Yes

84 (10.11%)

14 (1.68%)

  

Pleural Metastasis, N (%)

  

0.243

Fisher.test

 No

751 (90.37%)

35 (4.21%)

  

 Yes

80 (9.63%)

1 (0.12%)

  

 Age, Median (IQR)

  

0.303

Wilcoxon

 Height, Median (IQR)

  

0.221

Wilcoxon

 Weight, Median (IQR)

  

 < 0.001

Wilcoxon

 BMI, Median (IQR)

  

 < 0.001

Wilcoxon

 Cycles of Immunotherapy, Median (IQR)

  

 < 0.001

Wilcoxon

  1. KPS Karnofsky performance status, BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range