Fig. 2

Angiotensin derivatives and their associated receptors

The downstream pathways affecting proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cancer as well as an overview of the receptors and effectors affecting the RAAS pathway is displayed and the dual effect of this pathway on cancer is depicted. The interactions between Ang II/AT1R and Ang I/AT2R and Ang1-7/Mas and alamandine/MrgD receptors in the RAAS pathway can have a significant impact on the development of cancer. Ang I/AT2R, Ang1-7/Mas, and alamandine/MrgD interactions can have anticancer effects while Ang II/AT1R interactions can be involved in the development of cancer. Activation or inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and the RAS/RAF/ERK1/2 pathway, which are downstream of the RASS pathway, are the most effective pathways in cancer development or cancer prevention