Fig. 4
From: Urinary biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: current knowledge for clinicians
Representative urinary ctDNA biomarkers for HCC. (A) Diagnostic performance of multi-ctDNA marker panel for HCC. Reprinted from Su et al., 2014. (B) A two-stage model combining ctDNAs and serum AFP in the diagnosis of HCC. Reprinted from Kim et al., 2022. (C) Improving the specificity of urinary ctDNA marker mRASSF1A by detecting the methylation at different sites. (a) Different methylation sites in the promoter and first exon of RASSF1A gene. (b) Methylation of P1 is the most specific HCC marker among the three types of mRASSF1A, with the highest AUROC. Reprinted from Jain et al., 2015