Fig. 2

Key signaling pathways that affect cancer cell growth and alternative splicing events that regulate these pathways. Alternative splicing is involved in the regulation of significant signaling transduction pathways that affect cancer cell growth. The five major signal transduction pathways that affect cancer cell growth include the cell cycle, MYC, NRF2, PI3K/Akt, and Ras/Raf pathways. Through alternative splicing, genes within these pathways can generate diverse protein isoforms with distinct functions and expression levels. Through alternative splicing, these genes can dynamically modulate the signaling landscape, contributing to the regulation of cancer cell growth. Genes regulating these pathways through alternative splicing are shown in gray boxes, and genes with abnormal splicing due to genetic mutations are shown in pink boxes. Representative alternative splicing events among these genes are depicted. The main domains of these genes are marked with colored boxes, and the domain regions changed according to alternative splicing and the type of alternative splicing are indicated