Fig. 2

Tumor-derived EVs reduce cell viability and induce late apoptosis in CD8 + T cells. A CD8 + T cells were treated with 100 and 200 µg/ml CLBL-1-derived EVs for 48 and 72 h, and WST-1 assay was used to determine cell viability. B Quantitative analysis of the ratios of the apoptotic CD8 + T cells (Annexin V +). C Representative figures showed each group's flow cytometric analysis of CLBL-derived EV-induced CD8 + T cell apoptosis. D Statistical analysis and E representative dot-plot of late apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. Numbers represent the ratios of cells in each quadrant. Propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence is measured on the Y-axis, and Annexin V-APC is measured on the X-axis. Data are representative of 3–4 independent experiments. Bar graphs reflect mean ± SEM (n = 5–6) analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001