Table 3 Effect of synthetic VK2 homologs in selected concentrations, DMEM (10% FBS), staurosporin solution, hydrogen peroxide and supernatant from the cultures of L. plantarum strains on the apoptosis and necrosis of cells of the intestinal epithelial line Caco-2
From: The impact of gut bacteria producing long chain homologs of vitamin K2 on colorectal carcinogenesis
Sample | VK2 concentration, mg/L (µM) | Living cells, % | Necrotic cells, % | Apoptic cells, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
VK2-MK4 (synthetic VK2 homologe) | 1.1 (2.5) | 93 | 0 | 7 |
2.2 (5) | 85 | 6 | 9 | |
4.4 (10) | 88 | 0 | 12 | |
6.7 (15) | 86 | 8 | 6 | |
8.9 (20) | 87 | 0 | 13 | |
11 (25) | 94 | 0 | 6 | |
VK2-MK7 (synthetic VK2 homologe) | 1.6 (2.5) | 88 | 0 | 12 |
3.2 (5) | 90 | 6 | 4 | |
6.5 (10) | 82 | 3 | 15 | |
9.7 (15) | 95 | 0 | 5 | |
13 (20) | 87 | 0 | 13 | |
16 (25) | 89 | 0 | 11 | |
VK2-MK9 (synthetic VK2 homologe) | 2.0 (2.5) | 97 | 1 | 2 |
3.9 (5) | 98 | 0 | 2 | |
7.9 (10) | 97 | 0 | 3 | |
12 (15) | 96 | 3 | 1 | |
16 (20) | 93 | 1 | 6 | |
20 (25) | 96 | 0 | 4 | |
DMEM (10% FBS) (negative apoptosis and necrosis control) | 0 | 94 | 3 | 3 |
Staurosporin (concentration of 2 µM – positive apoptosis control) | 0 | 43 | 19 | 38 |
H2O2 (concentration of 2.0 mM – positive necrosis control) | 0 | 66 | 27 | 7 |
L. plantarum (natural vitamin K2 producent) supernatant | 0 | 88 | 7 | 5 |