Table 2 miRs that can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in IBD and CRC

miR-145, miR-143

Down

Diagnostic/CRC High level in TNM stage I-II

Decrease cell growth in carcinoma cell line

[102]

miR-20a, miR-143, miR-150, and let-7a

Up

Diagnostic/CRC High level in TNM stage III

Regulate cell cycle, cell division, etc

[102]

miR‑200c and miR-18a

Up

Diagnostic /Prognosis/CRC

Cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, tumorigenesis

[103, 104]

miR-19a

Up

Diagnostic /CRC

Proliferation, migration, and invasion

[105]

miR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-16-5p

Up

Therapeutic/Prognostic/IBD-CRC

Oncogenic

[106,107,108]

miR-31

Up

Diagnosis/Prognosis/IBD-CRC

Intrinsic regulator of homeostasis, stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and epithelial cell death

[109]

miR-155

Up

Diagnosis/CRC

Oncogenic, immune function

[110]

miR-214

Up

Diagnosis/ Therapeutic/CRC

Coordinating tumor proliferation, stemness, angiogenesis, invasiveness, immune response

[111]

miR-124

Down

Diagnosis/CRC

Involved in the EMT, regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway

[38]

miR-193a-3p

Down

Diagnosis/Prognosis/CRC

Proliferation, migration and invasion

[112]

miR-139-5p

Down

Diagnosis/Prognosis/IBD-CRC

Tumor suppressive role

[113, 114]

miR-133a

Down

Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic/CRC

Proliferation, migration, and apoptosis via targeting SOX9

[115]

miR-124a

Down

Risk marker of Colitis-Associated Cancer in Patients with UC

Inhibit proliferation, glycolysis, and energy metabolism

[116]

miR-155

Down

Diagnosis/Therapeutic/IBD-CRC

Regulate immune responses

[117]

miR-17

Up

Diagnostic/Prognostic /IBD-CRC

Regulate cell division and cell cycle

[118]

miR-20a

Up

Diagnostic /CRC

Oncogenic, promoting cell growth and motility

[119]

miR-223

Up

Diagnostic /IBD-CRC

Differentiation and activation of granulocytes

[120]

miR-29b

Down

Prognostic/Therapeutic/CRC

Inhibit tumor growth and metastasis

[121]

miR-370-3p

Up

Prognostic/Therapeutic/ UC-CRC

Inhibiting inflammation, and EMT

[58]

miR-31, -106a, and -135b

Dysregulated

Prognostic/UC-CRC

Cell growth

[122]

miR-320

Down

Diagnostic/Prognostic/IBD-CRC

Tumor suppressor

[123]

miR-34a/miR-34a-5p

Down

Diagnosis/Prognosis/IBD/CRC

Inhibits tumorigenesis of CRC via c-MYC/DNMT3a/PTEN pathway

[110, 124]

miR-146a-5p and miR-155-5p

Up

Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic/CRC

CRC metastasis

[125]

miR-126

Up

Diagnosis, Prognosis/UC

Increase inflammatory responses via NF-κB pathway

[126]