Fig. 4

USP5 regulates the JNK pathway. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the basis of the most significantly differentially expressed genes between the WT and USP5-deficient groups (P < 0.05 using Fisher’s exact test). B Bubble diagram showing the enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the biological process category. C Luciferase pathway screening revealed that USP5 significantly promoted JNK pathway activation in HEK293T cells (n = 3). D Luciferase assays showing JNK pathway activity in HEK293T cells transfected with increasing amounts (0, 200, 400, 600 ng) of the USP5 expression plasmid (n = 3). The data (mean ± SEM) are representative of 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance was analysed by ANOVA or Student’s t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0 0.0001