Fig. 5

Liver injury, as measured by (A and B) AST and ALT levels in serum, and (C, D, E, and F) histopathological examination in early-stage mRCC model. (A) AST levels in mice from the different groups (negative control group; control group; JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination group; PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitor combination group). (B) ALT levels in mice from the different groups (negative control group; control group; JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination group; PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitor combination group). The negative control group contained mice that did not receive a cancer cell injection. The control group contained mice that received cancer cell injection but did not receive treatment. The values represent the mean ± SE. Analyzed for statistical significance by one-way ANOVA. A P of < 0.05 was considered significant (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). Results from post-hoc analysis are described in the manuscript. Representative H&E-stained liver sections from mice treated with (C) the JX-594 and PD-1 inhibitor combination or (D, E, and F) the ICI combination. Normal portal tract (C), infiltration of some lymphocytes and eosinophils in the portal tract (D), an abnormal hepatocyte with a large degenerative nucleus, amphophilic cytoplasm, and low nucleus/cytoplasmic ratio, suggesting early necrotic process (E), and infiltration of some lymphocytes and eosinophils in the wall of central vein. (F). Black arrows indicate portal inflammation (D) and abnormal hepatocyte (E). Original magnification x200, right panel of (F) is magnified image (x400) of the are boxed in the left panel of (F). H&E: hematoxylin and eosin