Fig. 1

ICA inhibited the growth and proliferation of TNBC cells in vitro. A The chemical structure of ICA. B–D Cell viability analysis using CCK-8 assays of MDA-MB-468, 4T1, and MDA-MB-231 cells following treatment with different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µM) of ICA for 24, 48, or 72 h. E, F Colony formation analysis of 468 and 4T1 cells following treatment with different concentrations (0, 12.5, and 25 µM) of ICA. G, H The protein expression of PCNA was detected using western blotting with β-actin as an internal control. Bars represent the means ± SD of at least three independent experiments; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared with the control group (0 µM). ICA icariin, TNBC triple-negative breast cancer, CCK-8 Cell Counting Kit-8, PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen