Table 4 miRNAs function in regulating immune checkpoint inhibitors in various diseases
Disease | miRNA | Mechanism | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
Chronic hepatitis B | miR-138 | Targets of PD-1, inhibiting its expression | Upregulates antiviral cytokines |
Tuberculosis | miR-31 | Regulated by the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway | Influences the differentiation of T cell subsets and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines |
Cardiac damage | miR-34a | Modulates the miR-34a/KLF4 signaling pathway | Facilitates M1 polarization and cardiac injury |
Sepsis-induced ARDS | miR-214-5p | PD-1 interaction | Abnormal increase in circFLNA expression |
Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury | miR-155 | Activates the IL-10/miR-155 pathway | Mitigates intestinal barrier damage and modulates immune responses |
Myelodysplastic Syndromes | miR-155-5p | Induces expression of PD-L1 | Suppresses production of blood cells in bone marrow |
Behcet's disease | miR-155 | Upregulates TNF-α, downregulates CTLA-4 | Elevated expression of miR-155, associated with TNF-α and CTLA-4 genes |