Fig. 1

MM-MSCs showed similarities in immunophenotype with HD-MSCs but variations in osteogenic differentiation. A Representative phase contrast images of BM-MSCs derived from healthy donors (HD-MSCs) and MM patients (MM-MSCs), respectively. Scale bar = 100 μm. B, C Representative flow cytometry (FCM) diagrams B and statistical analysis C of biomarkers in HD-MSCs and MM-MSCs. D, E Adipogenic differentiation assessment of HD-MSCs and MM-MSCs by Oil Red O staining D and qRT-PCR analyses of adipogenic differentiation-related genes (ADIPOQ, PPAR-γ) (E). F, G Osteogenic differentiation of HD-MSCs and MM-MSCs by Alizarin Red S staining F and qRT-PCR analyses of osteogenic differentiation-related genes (RUNX2, BGLAP) (G). H, I Chondrogenic differentiation of HD-MSCs and MM-MSCs by Alician Blue staining H and qRT-PCR analyses of chondrogenic differentiation-related genes (SOX9, ACAN) (I). J qRT-PCR analyses of stemness-related (POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG) genes in HD-MSCs and MM-MSCs. K Karyotypic analysis of HD-MSCs and MM-MSCs. All data were shown as mean ± SEM (N = 3 independent experiments). NS not significant, *P < 0.05; ****P < 0.0001