Fig. 6

A potential ceRNA network between common hub genes and predicted lncRNA and microRNAs. A, B The ceRNA network emphasized significant lncRNAs and microRNAs in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Our findings suggest that the lncRNAs PVT1, NEAT1, SNHG16, and KCNQ1OT1 target hub genes through the ceRNAs network based on the miRNet online platform. Moreover, the ceRNA network predicts the significant role of microRNA 132-3p in regulating this network. C–F The enrichment analysis of PVT1, NEAT1, SNHG16, and KCNQ1OT1 revealed that these lncRNAs serve as regulatory factors and are involved in the positive regulation of CD8⁺ and T-cell differentiation, positive regulation of cellular senescence, abnormal immune cells, and morphology, decrease IL-2 secretion, regulation of oxidative stress, regulation of apoptosis cell death, WNT signaling pathway, abnormal intestinal absorption, circulating IL-18 concentration, as well as several biological processes such as epithelial formation, cell adhesion, morphology, cell differentiation, extracellular matrix structure organization, and immune system response, positive regulation of translation process and negative regulation of ubiquitination complex activity, obesity, ion transport, negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response, positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity, regulation of protein kinase C sigaling pathway, histone H3-H4 monomethylation/dimethylation, non cononical WNT signaling pathway via MAPK cascade, decrease susceptibility to endotoxone shock, decrease inflammatory response, increase IL-10 secretion, decrease circulating IL-6 level and TNF-α, decrease acute inflammation, abnormal NK-cell differentiation, and negative regulation of chemokine production