Fig. 2

Casticin induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in NOZ and SGC996 cells. a–c NOZ and SGC996 cells were treated with casticin (0, 1, 4, 7 µM) for 48 h. The Q3 quadrant (Annexin V−/PI−), Q4 quadrant (Annexin V+/PI−), and Q2 quadrant (Annexin V+/PI+) indicate the percentages of normal cells, cells in early apoptosis, and cells in late apoptosis, respectively. d NOZ and SGC996 cells were exposed to casticin for 48 h, and nuclear morphological changes associated with apoptosis were evaluated by Hoechst 33342 staining. d–f Representative images of TUNEL assay of different casticin-treatment in GBC cells. All data are presented as the means ± standard deviations and each experiment was repeated 3 times. Significant differences compared with the control are indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001