Table 7 Function of CDK3 based on cell line studies

Breast cancer

miR-4469/CDK3 axis and Wnt/β-catenin pathway

HEK293T, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and BT549

↑↑ CDK3: ↓ metastasis, migration and invasion via inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway

CDK3 is a target of miR-4469

[181]

miR-873/CDK3 axis

MCF-7, ZR75-1, T47D and MCF-7/TamR

NCTD treatment: ↑ sensitivity to tamoxifen, ↓ proliferation and tumor growth via miR-873/CDK3 axis

NCTD was found to regulate ERα signaling by miR-873/CDK3

[182]

HuR, CDK3

MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7

∆ HuR: ↓ CDK3 expression, ↓ proliferation, chemoresistance and ↑ apoptosis

HuR increased proliferation and survival through stabilizing CDK3 transcripts

[187]

miR-125a-3p/CDK3

MCF-7, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-23

↑↑ miR-125a-3p: ↓ transcriptional activity of ERα, ↓ proliferation of ER + cells, and ↑ apoptosis and G1/S cell-cycle arrest via targeting CDK3

[183]

miR-873/CDK3 axis

CF-7, ZR75-1, T47D, SKBR3, MDA-

MB-231 and HEK293T

↑↑ miR-873: ↓ proliferation and ER activity via targeting CDK3

[184]

CYP4Z1- and CYP4Z2P-3'UTRs, CDK3

MCF-7

↑↑ CYP4Z1- and CYP4Z2P-3'UTRs: ↓ tamoxifen resistance via targeting CDK3

[188]

Colorectal cancer

Cdk3/c-Jun

HEK293, HT29, SW620, HCT116, SW480 and HCoEpiC

↑↑ CDK3: ↑ metastasis, motility and invasion via EMT process

Cdk3-phosphorylated c-Jun increased AP-1 activity

[185]

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

circRNA_141539/miR-4469/CDK3 axis

Kyse410, Kyse510, EC9706, ECA109 TE7 and Het-1A

↑↑ circRNA_141539: ↑ proliferation and invasion via regulating miR-4469/CDK3 axis

[186]

Hepatocellular carcinoma

miR-214, E2F2, CDK3 and CDK6

THLE3, QGY-7701, QGY-7703, HCC-9810, SMMC-7721, Hep3B, PLC/PRF5, Hep3B, QGY-7703, Bel-7402, Bel-7404, MHCC97L, MHCC97H, HCCLM3 and HCCLM6

↑↑ miR-214: ↓ proliferation and G1-S cell cycle arrest via targeting E2F2, CDK3 and CDK6

[189]

Leukemia

CDK3

HL-60, NB4, K562 and KG1

Benfotiamine:: ↓ proliferation and G1 cell cycle arrest via targeting CDK3

[190]

Lung cancer

HuR and miR-873/CDK3 and miR-125a-3p/CDK3 axis

A549 cells

↑↑ HuR: ↑ CDK3 levels, via increasing CDK3 mRNA stability and expression, thus increased stemness

CDK3 was found to be a target of miR-873 and miR-125a-3p

[191]

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

CDK3

5-8F, CNE1, CNE2, and NP-69

CDK3 was increased in CNE1, CNE2 and 5–8F NPC cell lines

[192]

Skin cancer

CDK3 and NFAT3

HEK293, T98G, HaCaT, A431, A375, G361, SK-MEL-5, and SK-MEL-28

CDK3 phosphorylated NFAT3 at serine 259 by interacting with NFAT3, thus increased the transactivation and transcriptional activity of NFAT3

CDK3-mediated phosphorylation of NFAT3 showed a significant role in skin cancer

[193]