Heinlein CA, Chang C: Androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Endocr Rev. 2004, 25: 276-308. 10.1210/er.2002-0032.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roche PJ, Hoare SA, Parker MG: A consensus DNA-binding site for the androgen receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 1992, 6: 2229-2235. 10.1210/me.6.12.2229.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nelson PS, Clegg N, Arnold H, Ferguson C, Bonham M, White J, Hood L, Lin B: The program of androgen-responsive genes in neoplastic prostate epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99: 11890-11895. 10.1073/pnas.182376299.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Culig Z, Hobisch A, Cronauer MV, Cato ACB, Hittmair A, Radmayr C, Eberle J, Bartsch G, Klocker H: Mutant androgen receptor detected in an advanced-stage prostatic carcinoma is activated by adrenal androgens and progesterone. Mol Endocrinol. 1993, 7: 1541-1550. 10.1210/me.7.12.1541.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buchanan G, Yang M, Harris JM, Nahm HS, Han G, Moore N, Bentel JM, Matusik RJ, Horsfall DJ, Marshall VR, Greenberg NM, Tilley WD: Mutations at the boundary of the hinge and ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor confer increased transactivation function. Mol Endocrinol. 2001, 15: 46-56. 10.1210/me.15.1.46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Visakorpi T, Hyytinen E, Koivisto P, Tanner M, Keinänen R, Palmberg C, Palotie A, Tammela T, Isola J, Kallioniemi O-P: In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer. Nat Genet. 1995, 9: 401-406. 10.1038/ng0495-401.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nazareth LV, Weigel NL: Activation of the human androgen receptor through a protein kinase A signaling pathway. J Biol Chem. 1996, 271: 19900-19907. 10.1074/jbc.271.33.19900.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ueda T, Mawji NR, Bruchovsky N, Sadar MD: Ligand-independent activation of the androgen receptor by interleukin-6 and the role of steroid receptor coactivator-1 in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2002, 277: 38087-38094. 10.1074/jbc.M203313200.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stoner E: The clinical development of a 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1990, 37: 375-378. 10.1016/0960-0760(90)90487-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Soloway MS, Matzkin H: Antiandrogenic agents as monotherapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Cancer. 1993, 71: 1083-1088.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Scher HI, Steineck G, Kelly WK: Hormone-refractory (D3) prostate cancer: refining the concept. Urol. 1995, 46: 142-148. 10.1016/S0090-4295(99)80182-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eder IE, Culig Z, Ramoner R, Thurnher M, Putz T, Nessler-Menardi C, Tiefenthaler M, Bartsch G, Klocker H: Inhibition of LncaP prostate cancer cells by means of androgen receptor antisense oligonucleotides. Cancer Gene Ther. 2000, 7: 997-1007. 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700202.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen S, Song CS, Lavrovsky Y, Bi B, Vellanoweth R, Chatterjee B, Roy AK: Catalytic cleavage of the androgen receptor messenger RNA and functional inhibition of androgen receptor activity by a hammerhead ribozyme. Mol Endocrinol. 1998, 12: 1558-1566. 10.1210/me.12.10.1558.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zegarra-Moro OL, Schmidt LJ, Huang H, Tindall DJ: Disruption of androgen receptor function inhibits proliferation of androgen-refractory prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2002, 62: 1008-1013.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cogoni C, Macino G: Post-transcriptional gene silencing across kingdoms. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2000, 10: 638-643. 10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00134-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Elbashir SM, Harborth J, Lendeckel W, Yalcin A, Weber K, Tuschl T: Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells. Nature. 2001, 411: 494-498. 10.1038/35078107.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zamore PD, Tuschl T, Sharp PA, Bartel DP: RNAi: double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals. Cell. 2000, 101: 25-33. 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80620-0.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wright ME, Tsai MJ, Aebersold R: Androgen receptor represses the neuroendocrine transdifferentiation process in prostate cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2003, 17: 1726-1737. 10.1210/me.2003-0031.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Elbashir SM, Harborth J, Weber K, Tuschl T: Analysis of gene function in somatic mammalian cells using small interfering RNAs. Methods. 2002, 26: 199-213. 10.1016/S1046-2023(02)00023-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Newmark JR, Hardy DO, Tonb DC, Carter BS, Epstein JI, Isaacs WB, Brown TR, Barrack ER: Androgen receptor gene mutations in human prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA. 1992, 89: 6319-6323.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brinkmann AO, Jenster G, Ris-Stalpers C, van der Korput JAGM, Brüggenwirth HT, Boehmer ALM, Trapman J: Androgen receptor mutations. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995, 53: 443-448. 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00090-M.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Barrack ER: Androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancer. The Mount Sinai J of Med. 1996, 63: 403-412.
CAS
Google Scholar
Gou D, Jin N, Liu L: Gene silencing in mammalian cells by PCR-based short hairpin RNA. FEBS Letters. 2003, 548: 113-118. 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00630-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ko YJ, Devi GR, London CA, Kayas A, Reddy MT, Iversen PL, Bubley GJ, Balk SP: Androgen receptor down-regulation in prostate cancer with phosphorodiamidate morpholino antisense oligomers. J Urol. 2004, 172: 1140-1144. 10.1097/01.ju.0000134698.87862.e6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bao BY, Hu YC, Ting HJ, Lee YF: Androgen signaling is required for the vitamin D-mediated growth inhibition in human prostate cancer cells. Oncogene. 2004, 23: 3350-3360. 10.1038/sj.onc.1207461.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ajiro K: Histone H2B phosphorylation in mammalian apoptotic cells. An association with DNA fragmentation. J Biol Chem. 2000, 275: 439-443. 10.1074/jbc.275.1.439.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cheung WL, Ajiro K, Samejima K, Kloc M, Cheung P, Mizzen CA, Beeser A, Etkin LD, Chernoff J, Earnshaw WC, Allis CD: Apoptotic phosphorylation of histone H2B is mediated by mammalian sterile twenty kinase. Cell. 2003, 113: 507-517. 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00355-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee EC, Zhan P, Schallhom R, Packman K, Tenniswood M: Antiandrogen-induced cell death in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Differ. 2003, 10: 761-771. 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401228.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lin J, Adam RM, Santiestevan E, Freeman MR: The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase pathway is a dominant growth factor-activated cell survival pathway in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 1999, 59: 2891-2897.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hara T, Miyazaki J, Araki H, Yamaoka M, Kanzaki N, Kusaka M, Miyamoto M: Novel mutations of androgen receptor: a possible mechanism of bicalutamide withdrawal syndrome. Cancer Res. 2003, 63: 149-153.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Godoy-Tundidor S, Hobisch A, Pfeil K, Bartsch G, Culig Z: Acquisition of agonistic properties of nonsteroidal antiandrogens after treatment with oncostatin M in prostate cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2002, 8: 2356-2361.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhan P, Lee EC, Packman K, Tenniswood M: Induction of invasive phenotype by Casodex in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002, 83: 101-111. 10.1016/S0960-0760(02)00275-3.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brinkmann AO, Blok LJ, de Ruiter PE, Doesburg P, Steketee K, Berrevoets CA, Trapman J: Mechanisms of androgen receptor activation and function. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1999, 69: 307-313. 10.1016/S0960-0760(99)00049-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Taplin ME, Bubley GJ, Ko YJ, Small EJ, Upton M, Rajeshkumar B, Balk SP: Selection for androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancers treated with androgen antagonist. Cancer Res. 1999, 59: 2511-2515.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nickerson T, Pollak M: Bicalutamide (Casodex)-induced prostate regression involves increased expression of genes encoding insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Urology. 1999, 54: 1120-1125. 10.1016/S0090-4295(99)00421-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li S, Rosenberg JE, Donjacour AA, Botchkina IL, Hom YK, Cunha GR, Blackburn EH: Rapid inhibition of cancer cell growth induced by lentiviral delivery and expression of mutant-template telomerase RNA and anti-telomerase short-interfering RNA. Cancer Res. 2004, 64: 4833-4840.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Park WS, Hayafune M, Miyano-Kurosaki N, Takaku H: Specific HIV-1 env gene silencing by small interfering RNAs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Gene Ther. 2003, 10: 2046-2050. 10.1038/sj.gt.3302099.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Iguchi K, Otsuka T, Usui S, Ishii K, Onishi T, Sugimura Y, Hirano K: Zinc and metallothionein levels and expression of zinc transporters in androgen-independent subline of LNCaP cells. J Androl. 2004, 25: 154-161.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Singh S, Sadacharan S, Su S, Belldegrun A, Persad S, Singh G: Overexpression of vimentin: role in the invasive phenotype in an androgen-independent model of prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2003, 63: 2306-2311.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hobisch A, Hoffmann J, Lambrinidis L, Eder IE, Bartsch G, Klocker H, Culig Z: Antagonist/agonist balance of the nonsteroidal antiandrogen bicalutamide (Casodex) in a new prostate cancer model. Urol Int. 2000, 65: 73-79. 10.1159/000064843.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen CD, Welsbie DS, Tran C, Baek SH, Chen R, Vessella R, Rosenfeld MG, Sawyers CL: Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapy. Nat Med. 2004, 10: 33-39. 10.1038/nm972.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miyagishi M, Taira K: U6 promoter-driven siRNAs with four uridine 3' overhangs efficiently suppress targeted gene expression in mammalian cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2002, 20: 497-500. 10.1038/nbt0502-497.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee NS, Dohjima T, Bauer G, Li H, Li MJ, Ehsani A, Salvaterra P, Rossi J: Expression of small interfering RNAs targeted against HIV-1 rev transcripts in human cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2002, 20: 500-505.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nunlist EH, Dozmorov I, Tang Y, Cowan R, Centola M, Lin H-K: Partitioning of 5α-dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol activated pathways for stimulating human prostate cancer LNCaP cell proliferation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004, 91: 157-170. 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.02.008.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kerr JFR, Harmon BV: Definition and incidence of apoptosis: an historical perspective. Apoptosis. The Molecular Basis of Cell Death. Edited by: Tomei LD, Cope FO. 1991, Plainview, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 5-29.
Google Scholar