Biswas SK, et al. The mammary gland: basic structure and molecular signaling during development. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(7):3883.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pandey PR, Saidou J, Watabe K. Role of myoepithelial cells in breast tumor progression. Front Biosci. 2010;15:226.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Deugnier M-A, et al. The importance of being a myoepithelial cell. Breast Cancer Res. 2002;4(6):1–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Kolar Z, et al. A novel myoepithelial/progenitor cell marker in the breast? Virchows Arch. 2007;450(5):607–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Sternlicht MD, et al. The human myoepithelial cell is a natural tumor suppressor. Clin Cancer Res: an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 1997;3(11):1949–58.
CAS
Google Scholar
Lakhani SR, O’Hare MJ. The mammary myoepithelial cell-Cinderella or ugly sister? Breast Cancer Res. 2000;3(1):1–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Schnitt SJ. The transition from ductal carcinoma in situto invasive breast cancer: the other side of the coin. Breast Cancer Res. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2228.
Article
Google Scholar
Winer A, Adams S, Mignatti P. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer therapy: turning past failures into future successes. Mol Cancer Ther. 2018;17(6):1147–55.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kapoor C, et al. Seesaw of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). J Cancer Res Ther. 2016;12(1):28.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mitchell E, et al. Loss of myoepithelial calponin-1 characterizes high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ cases, which are further stratified by T cell composition. Mol Carcinog. 2020;59(7):701–12.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Man Y-G. Focal degeneration of aged or injured myoepithelial cells and the resultant auto-immunoreactions are trigger factors for breast tumor invasion. Med Hypotheses. 2007;69(6):1340–57.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Schnitt SJ. The transition from ductal carcinoma in situto invasive breast cancer: the other side of the coin. Breast Cancer Res. 2009;11(1):101.
Article
Google Scholar
Man Y-G, Sang Q-XA. The significance of focal myoepithelial cell layer disruptions in human breast tumor invasion: a paradigm shift from the “protease-centered” hypothesis. Exp Cell Res. 2004;301(2):103–18.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gudjonsson T, et al. Myoepithelial cells: their origin and function in breast morphogenesis and neoplasia. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2005;10(3):261–72.
Article
Google Scholar
Adriance MC, et al. Myoepithelial cells: good fences make good neighbors. Breast Cancer Res. 2005;7(5):1–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Yang J, et al. Overexpressed genes associated with hormones in terminal ductal lobular units identified by global transcriptome analysis: an insight into the anatomic origin of breast cancer. Oncol Rep. 2016;35(3):1689–95.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li S, et al. Requirement of a myocardin-related transcription factor for development of mammary myoepithelial cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2006;26(15):5797–808.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Moumen M, et al. The mammary myoepithelial cell. Int J Dev Biol. 2011;55:763–71.
Article
Google Scholar
Reversi A, Cassoni P, Chini B. Oxytocin receptor signaling in myoepithelial and cancer cells. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2005;10(3):221–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Koukoulis G, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of integrins in the normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic breast. Correlations with their functions as receptors and cell adhesion molecules. Am J Pathol. 1991;139(4):787.
CAS
Google Scholar
Muschler J, Streuli CH. Cell–matrix interactions in mammary gland development and breast cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010;2(10): a003202.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jones J, et al. Primary breast myoepithelial cells exert an invasion-suppressor effect on breast cancer cells via paracrine down-regulation of MMP expression in fibroblasts and tumour cells. J Pathol: A Journal of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 2003;201(4):562–72.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Boecker W, Buerger H. Evidence of progenitor cells of glandular and myoepithelial cell lineages in the human adult female breast epithelium: a new progenitor (adult stem) cell concept. Cell Prolif. 2003;36:73–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Petersen OW, van Deurs B. Growth factor control of myoepithelial-cell differentiation in cultures of human mammary gland. Differentiation. 1988;39(3):197–215.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Haaksma CJ, Schwartz RJ, Tomasek JJ. Myoepithelial cell contraction and milk ejection are impaired in mammary glands of mice lacking smooth muscle alpha-actin. Biol Reprod. 2011;85(1):13–21.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jolicoeur F. Intrauterine breast development and the mammary myoepithelial lineage. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2005;10(3):199–210.
Article
Google Scholar
Jin R, et al. Significance of metallothionein expression in breast myoepithelial cells. Cell Tissue Res. 2001;303(2):221–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sternlicht M, Barsky S. The myoepithelial defense: a host defense against cancer. Med Hypotheses. 1997;48(1):37–46.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yu GH, et al. Benign pairs. A useful discriminating feature in fine needle aspirates of the breast. Acta cytological. 1997;41(3):721–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gusterson BA, et al. Distribution of myoepithelial cells and basement membrane proteins in the normal breast and in benign and malignant breast diseases. Can Res. 1982;42(11):4763–70.
CAS
Google Scholar
Virnig BA, et al. Diagnosis and management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Evid Rep Technol Assess. 2009;185:1–549.
Google Scholar
Clark S, et al. Molecular subtyping of DCIS: heterogeneity of breast cancer reflected in pre-invasive disease. Br J Cancer. 2011;104(1):120–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Barsky SH, Karlin NJ. Myoepithelial cells: autocrine and paracrine suppressors of breast cancer progression. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2005;10(3):249–60.
Article
Google Scholar
Carter EP, et al. A 3D in vitro model of the human breast duct: a method to unravel myoepithelial-luminal interactions in the progression of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2017;19(1):1–10.
Article
Google Scholar
Rakha EA, et al. Invasion in breast lesions: the role of the epithelial–stroma barrier. Histopathology. 2018;72(7):1075–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Risom T, et al. Transition to invasive breast cancer is associated with progressive changes in the structure and composition of tumor stroma. Cell. 2022;185(2):299-310.e8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Friedman G, et al. Cancer-associated fibroblast compositions change with breast cancer progression linking the ratio of S100A4+ and PDPN+ CAFs to clinical outcome. Nature Cancer. 2020;1(7):692–708.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chatterjee SJ, McCaffrey L. Emerging role of cell polarity proteins in breast cancer progression and metastasis. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 2014;6:15–27.
Google Scholar
Halaoui R, et al. Progressive polarity loss and luminal collapse disrupt tissue organization in carcinoma. Genes Dev. 2017;31(15):1573–87.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Catterall R, Lelarge V, McCaffrey L. Genetic alterations of epithelial polarity genes are associated with loss of polarity in invasive breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2020;146(6):1578–91.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhao Y, et al. Loss of polarity protein Par3 is mediated by transcription factor Sp1 in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021;561:172–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li J, et al. Loss of LKB1 disrupts breast epithelial cell polarity and promotes breast cancer metastasis and invasion. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2014;33(1):70.
Article
Google Scholar
Gudjonsson T, et al. Normal and tumor-derived myoepithelial cells differ in their ability to interact with luminal breast epithelial cells for polarity and basement membrane deposition. J Cell Sci. 2002;115(1):39–50.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zou Z, et al. Maspin, a serpin with tumor-suppressing activity in human mammary epithelial cells. Science. 1994;263(5146):526–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Runswick SK, et al. Desmosomal adhesion regulates epithelial morphogenesis and cell positioning. Nat Cell Biol. 2001;3(9):823–30.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bissell MJ, Bilder D. Polarity determination in breast tissue: desmosomal adhesion, myoepithelial cells, and laminin 1. Breast Cancer Res. 2003;5(2):1–3.
Article
Google Scholar
Carlisle JW, Harvey RD. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and proteolysis-targeting chimeras: the pharmacology of cutting-edge lung cancer therapies. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2021;41:e286–93.
Article
Google Scholar
Wyganowska-Świątkowska M, et al. Proteolysis is the most fundamental property of malignancy and its inhibition may be used therapeutically (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2019;43(1):15–25.
Google Scholar
Radisky ES, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M, Radisky DC. Therapeutic potential of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition in breast cancer. J Cell Biochem. 2017;118(11):3531–48.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Abou Shousha SA, et al. Angiogenic activities of interleukin-8, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in breast cancer. Egypt J Immunol. 2022;29(3):54–63.
Article
Google Scholar
Xiao JP, et al. Relation between angiogenesis, fibrinolysis and invasion/metastasis in breast cancer. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2005;27(4):226–8.
CAS
Google Scholar
[Expert consensus on off-label use of small molecule anti-angiogenic drugs in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi, 2022. 44(6): 523–530.
Foschini MP, Eusebi V. Carcinomas of the breast showing myoepithelial cell differentiation. Virchows Arch. 1998;432(4):303–10.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Angele S, et al. Expression of ATM, p53, and the MRE11–Rad50–NBS1 complex in myoepithelial cells from benign and malignant proliferations of the breast. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57(11):1179–84.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Barsky SH. Myoepithelial mRNA expression profiling reveals a common tumor-suppressor phenotype. Exp Mol Pathol. 2003;74(2):113–22.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sternlicht MD, et al. Characterizations of the extracellular matrix and proteinase inhibitor content of human myoepithelial tumors. Lab Invest: a journal of technical methods and pathology. 1996;74(4):781–96.
CAS
Google Scholar
Nguyen M, et al. The human myoepithelial cell displays a multifaceted anti-angiogenic phenotype. Oncogene. 2000;19(31):3449–59.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhang M. Volpert 0, Shi YH and Bouck N: Maspin is an angiogenesis inhibitor. Nat Med. 2000;6(2):196–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Pemberton PA, et al. The tumor suppressor maspin does not undergo the stressed to relaxed transition or inhibit trypsin-like serine proteases: evidence that Maspin is not a protease inhibitory serpin (∗). J Biol Chemis. 1995;270(26):15832–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhang RR, et al. A subset of morphologically distinct mammary myoepithelial cells lacks corresponding immunophenotypic markers. Breast Cancer Res. 2003;5(5):1–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Simpson PT, et al. Distribution and significance of 14-3-3σ, a novel myoepithelial marker, in normal, benign, and malignant breast tissue. J Pathol. 2004;202(3):274–85.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yamamoto T, et al. p73 is highly expressed in myoepithelial cells and in carcinomas with metaplasia. Int J Oncol. 2001;19(2):271–6.
CAS
Google Scholar
Bani D, et al. Relaxin activates the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in human breast cancer cells. Can Res. 1995;55(22):5272–5.
CAS
Google Scholar
Xiao G, et al. Suppression of breast cancer growth and metastasis by a serpin myoepithelium-derived serine proteinase inhibitor expressed in the mammary myoepithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(7):3700–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Keeling S, Gad J, Cooper H. Mouse Neogenin, a DCC-like molecule, has four splice variants and is expressed widely in the adult mouse and during embryogenesis. Oncogene. 1997;15(6):691–700.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Brew K, Dinakarpandian D, Nagase H. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: evolution, structure and function. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2000;1477:267–83.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sirka OK, Shamir ER, Ewald AJ. Myoepithelial cells are a dynamic barrier to epithelial dissemination. J Cell Biol. 2018;217(10):3368–81.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cerchiari AE, et al. A strategy for tissue self-organization that is robust to cellular heterogeneity and plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(7):2287–92.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Maître JL, et al. Adhesion functions in cell sorting by mechanically coupling the cortices of adhering cells. Science. 2012;338(6104):253–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Grudzien-Nogalska E, Reed BC, Rhoads RE. CPEB1 promotes differentiation and suppresses EMT in mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Sci. 2014;127(Pt 10):2326–38.
CAS
Google Scholar
Shao Z-M, et al. The human myoepithelial cell exerts antiproliferative effects on breast carcinoma cells characterized by p21WAF1/CIP1Induction, G2/M Arrest, and Apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 1998;241(2):394–403.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Barsky SH, Karlin NJ. Mechanisms of disease: breast tumor pathogenesis and the role of the myoepithelial cell. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2006;3(3):138–51.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Masih M, et al. Role of chemokines in breast cancer. Cytokine. 2022;155: 155909.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hall JM, Korach KS. Stromal cell-derived factor 1, a novel target of estrogen receptor action, mediates the mitogenic effects of estradiol in ovarian and breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2003;17(5):792–803.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Allinen M, et al. Molecular characterization of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 2004;6(1):17–32.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Müller A, et al. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis. Nature. 2001;410:50–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Smith MC, et al. CXCR4 regulates growth of both primary and metastatic breast cancer. Can Res. 2004;64(23):8604–12.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Shao C, et al. Hormone-responsive BMP signaling expands myoepithelial cell lineages and prevents alveolar precocity in mammary gland. Front Cell and Dev Biol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.691050.
Article
Google Scholar
Heldin C-H, Miyazono K, Ten Dijke P. TGF-β signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins. Nature. 1997;390(6659):465–71.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Horbelt D, Denkis A, Knaus P. A portrait of Transforming Growth Factor β superfamily signalling: background matters. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012;44(3):469–74.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Robinson GW. Cooperation of signalling pathways in embryonic mammary gland development. Nat Rev Genet. 2007;8(12):963–72.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wegleiter T, et al. Palmitoylation of BMPR1a regulates neural stem cell fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2019;116(51):25688–96.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Reise SP, Waller NG. Item response theory and clinical measurement. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2009;5(1):27–48.
Article
Google Scholar
Qi Z, et al. BMP restricts stemness of intestinal Lgr5+ stem cells by directly suppressing their signature genes. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):1–14.
Article
Google Scholar
Derynck R, Zhang YE. Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in TGF-β family signalling. Nature. 2003;425(6958):577–84.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ding L, et al. Perturbed myoepithelial cell differentiation in BRCA mutation carriers and in ductal carcinoma in situ. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1–16.
Article
Google Scholar
Wuidart A, et al. Early lineage segregation of multipotent embryonic mammary gland progenitors. Nat Cell Biol. 2018;20(6):666–76.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gross KM, et al. Loss of slug compromises DNA damage repair and accelerates stem cell aging in mammary epithelium. Cell Rep. 2019;28(2):394-407.e6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Phillips S, et al. Cell-state transitions regulated by SLUG are critical for tissue regeneration and tumor initiation. Stem cell Rep. 2014;2(5):633–47.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Albergaria A, et al. P-cadherin role in normal breast development and cancer. Int J Dev Biol. 2011;55:811–22.
Article
Google Scholar
Radice GL, et al. Precocious mammary gland development in P-cadherin–deficient mice. J Cell Biol. 1997;139(4):1025–32.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yan G, et al. TGFβ/cyclin D1/Smad-mediated inhibition of BMP4 promotes breast cancer stem cell self-renewal activity. Oncogenesis. 2021;10(3):21.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sartori R, et al. BMP signaling controls muscle mass. Nat Genet. 2013;45(11):1309–18.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Winbanks CE, et al. The bone morphogenetic protein axis is a positive regulator of skeletal muscle mass. J Cell Biol. 2013;203(2):345–57.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bidwell BN, et al. Silencing of Irf7 pathways in breast cancer cells promotes bone metastasis through immune escape. Nat Med. 2012;18(8):1224–31.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Eckhardt BL, et al. Activation of canonical BMP4-SMAD7 signaling suppresses breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res. 2020;80(6):1304–15.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Taddei I, et al. Integrins in mammary gland development and differentiation of mammary epithelium. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2003;8(4):383–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Hynes RO. Integrins: bidirectional, allosteric signaling machines. Cell. 2002;110(6):673–87.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Glukhova MA, Streuli CH. How integrins control breast biology. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2013;25(5):633–41.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vicente-Manzanares M, Choi CK, Horwitz AR. Integrins in cell migration–the actin connection. J Cell Sci. 2009;122(Pt 2):199–206.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Raymond K, et al. Control of mammary myoepithelial cell contractile function by α3β1 integrin signalling. EMBO J. 2011;30(10):1896–906.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kreidberg JA, et al. Alpha 3 beta 1 integrin has a crucial role in kidney and lung organogenesis. Development. 1996;122(11):3537–47.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, et al. Numb and Numbl act to determine mammary myoepithelial cell fate, maintain epithelial identity, and support lactogenesis. FASEB J. 2016;30(10):3474–88.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gulino A, Di Marcotullio L, Screpanti I. The multiple functions of Numb. Exp Cell Res. 2010;316(6):900–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Beres BJ, et al. Numb regulates Notch1, but not Notch3, during myogenesis. Mech Dev. 2011;128(5–6):247–57.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bray SJ. Notch signalling: a simple pathway becomes complex. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006;7(9):678–89.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Massari ME, Murre C. Helix-loop-helix proteins: regulators of transcription in eucaryotic organisms. Mol Cell Biol. 2000;20(2):429–40.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lim E, et al. Transcriptome analyses of mouse and human mammary cell subpopulations reveal multiple conserved genes and pathways. Breast Cancer Res. 2010;12(2):R21.
Article
Google Scholar
Best SA, et al. Dual roles for Id4 in the regulation of estrogen signaling in the mammary gland and ovary. Development. 2014;141(16):3159–64.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Holliday H, et al. Inhibitor of Differentiation 4 (ID4) represses mammary myoepithelial differentiation via inhibition of HEB. Iscience. 2021;24(2): 102072.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Baker LA, Holliday H, Swarbrick A. ID4 controls luminal lineage commitment in normal mammary epithelium and inhibits BRCA1 function in basal-like breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016;23(9):R381–92.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Junankar S, et al. ID4 controls mammary stem cells and marks breast cancers with a stem cell-like phenotype. Nat Commun. 2015;6:6548.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Donzelli S, et al. Expression of ID4 protein in breast cancer cells induces reprogramming of tumour-associated macrophages. Breast Cancer Res. 2018;20(1):59.
Article
Google Scholar
Zhang X, et al. ID4 promotes breast cancer chemotherapy resistance via CBF1-MRP1 Pathway. J Cancer. 2020;11(13):3846–57.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Junankar S, et al. ID4 controls mammary stem cells and marks breast cancers with a stem cell-like phenotype. Nat Commun. 2015;6(1):6548.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Garcia-Escolano M, et al. ID1 and ID4 are biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness and poor outcome in immunophenotypes of breast cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(3):492.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dai P, et al. Regulation of ID4 in vivo for efficient magnetothermal therapy of breast cancer. Advanced Therapeutics. 2021;4(5):2000291.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kasami M, et al. Maintenance of polarity and a dual cell population in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study. Histopathology. 1998;32(3):232–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rudland PS. Stem cells and the development of mammary cancers in experimental rats and in humans. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1987;6(1):55–83.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Malzahn K, et al. Biological and prognostic significance of stratified epithelial cytokeratins in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas. Virchows Arch. 1998;433(2):119–29.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kenny PA, Bissell MJ. Tumor reversion: correction of malignant behavior by microenvironmental cues. Int J Cancer. 2003;107(5):688–95.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bissell, M., P. Kenny, and D. Radisky. Microenvironmental regulators of tissue structure and function also regulate tumor induction and progression: the role of extracellular matrix and its degrading enzymes. in Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology. 2005. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Xu WP, Zhang X, Xie WF. Differentiation therapy for solid tumors. J Dig Dis. 2014;15(4):159–65.
Article
Google Scholar
Burnett AK, et al. Arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid treatment for acute promyelocytic leukaemia in all risk groups (AML17): results of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(13):1295–305.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
de Thé H. Differentiation therapy revisited. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018;18(2):117–27.
Article
Google Scholar
Kai K, et al. Breast cancer stem cells. Breast Cancer. 2010;17(2):80–85.